@ Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
History Philosophy Informative:
545 BCE: Persian conquest of Ionia, shift of philosophy form Ionia to Magna Graecia;
450 BCE: democratic rebelion in Magna Graeca had made harsh times for Pythagoreans, which withdrew to Tarentum or Greek mainland;
430 BCE: Anaxagoras expelled from Athens;
400 BCE: Pythagoreans made off with politics – this era's generation of Pythagoreans had made break through in math and released it into public circulation;
390 BCE: Plato visited Tarentum which was under Archyntas leadership;
387 BCE: founded Academy
365 BCE: just another Plato's visit of Tarentum;
350 BCE: remants of Pythagoreans were absorbed by Academy;
PRESOCRATICS:
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@ ISCID Encyclopedia of Science and Philosophy,
@ Vorländer’s Geschichte der Philosophie
(Homer), 8/7th.cent.BCE:
@ Humanistic Texts,
@ Sacred Texts,
@ Wikipedia
(Hesiod), 8th.cent. BCE, {credited for »Theogony«}:
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(Alcman), 7th.cent. BC, {cosmological poet} *
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(Solon), c.638-c.559, {@ 7 (or 10) Sages}:
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(Cleobulus of Lind), c.600, {7 (or 10) Sages}:
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(Chilon of Sparta), c.600, {7 (or 10) Sages} *
(Myson), c. 600, {7 (or 10) Sages} *
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Thales of Milet, 624-545, {Water as the source of all things, 7 (or 10) Sages}:
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@ Mathematics University of St Andrews,
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(Pittacus of Mitilene), c.650-c.570, {7 (or 10) Sages, possibly influence on Pherecydes}:
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(Bias of Priene), c.600, {7 (or 10) Sages}:
@ Quotations Page
(Epimenides), c. 580, {7 (or 10) Sages} *
(Anacharsis), c. 560, {7 (or 10) Sages} *
(Perinader of Corinth), c.600, {7 (or 10) Sages}:
@ Quotations Page
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Anaximander, 610-546, {Apeiron}:
@ The Big View
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Pythagoras, c.580-c.500, {abstract Number above material realitiy}:
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Anaximenes, c.588-524, {Aer as the source of all things}:
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Pherecydes of Syros, c.550, {cosmology mythographer, influence on Pythagoras, w. »Pentemychos«}:
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Xenophanes of Colophon, c.570-c.478, {founder of the Eleatic school, satirized the polytheistic beliefs}:
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Heraclitus of Ephesus, c.540-c.475:
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Alcmaeon of Croton, c.500, {Pythagorean, medic}:
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Parmenides, c.515-470:
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Anaxagoras of Clazomena, c.500-428, {matter composed of infinite elements}:
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Zeno of Elea, c.495-c.430, {disciple of Parmenides, logic paradoxes}:
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Empedocles, c.495-435, {four primal elements: earth, air, fire, and water}:
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(Herodotus of Halicarnassus), c.484-c.425BC, {Greek historian, w. »The Histories«}:
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(Gorgias), 483-375, {sophist, nihilist}:
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Protagoras of Abdera, c.480-411, {founder of sophistic school}:
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Antiphon, c.479-411, {sophist, w. »On truth«}:
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiphon_(person)
--------------------
Democritus of Abdera, c.470-370, {early Atomist}:
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Philolaus of Croton, c.470-380, {Pythagorean}:
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(Aspasia of Miletus), c.470-410: @ Wikipedia,
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Diotima of Manitea, {probably mythical}: @ The Window Philosophy,
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Cratylus, 5th.cent.BCE {radical Heraclitean}:
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Diogenes of Apollonia, 5th.cent.BCE, {physicist, air as basic substance}:
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Prodicus of Ceos, late 5th.cent., {Sophist, grammarian, atheist}:
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Callicles, 5th.cent., {Sophist, character in Platos 'Gorgias', physis vs. nomos}:
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Thrasymachus of Halcedon, late 5th.cent., {Sophist, character in Platos 'Gorgias'}:
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Melissus of Samos, late 5th.cent.:
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Critias, 460-403, {Sophist}:
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(Hippocrates), c.460-c.377, {greatest physician of antiquity}:
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Hippias of Elis c.460-???, {Sophist, Encyclopeadist}:
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Leucippus of Miletus, c.459-c.370, {father of atomism}:
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»Dissoi logoi«, writen c.400 BC *
----------------------------------------
THE GOLDEN AGE OF ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY:
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Socrates, c.469-399, {cental figure in ancient ph., overrated by Platon (?)}:
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(Thucydides), c.460-c.399, {w. »History of the Peloponnesian War«}:
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Antisthenes, c.455-c.360, {disciple of Socrates, founder of Cynic anti-school, pro-nominalist}:
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(Isocrates), 436-338, {Athenian orator and teacher, w. »Panegyricus«}:
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Aristippus the Elder, c.435-c.355, {disciple of Socrates, founder of the Cyrenaic school}:
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Euclides of Megara, 430-360, {disciple of Socrates, founder of Megarian school, return to Eleatic metaphysics}:
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==========================
Plato, c.427-347:
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plato-parmenides,
plato-sophist
==========================
Archytas of Tarentum, c.400, {Pythagorean}:
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Ekphantos of Syracuse, c.400, {Pythagorean}:
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Xenophon, c.427-c.350, {military adventurer, historian and ph. writer, source for Socrates, w. »Anabasis«, »Memoirs«, »The Education of Cyrus«}:
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(Theaetetus), c.417-369, {Academic, math.}:
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Phaedo of Elis, c.415- ?, {disciple of Socrates, founded a school in Elis}:
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Speusippus, c.410-r.348-339, {first leader and scholar of Academy, more Pythagorean than Platonist}:
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Diogenes of Sinope, c.410-c.322,{Cynic}:
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(Eudoxus of Cnidus), 408-355, {Platonist, school of Cyzicus, center for astron. and math.}:
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Xenocrates of Halcedon, c.395-r.339-314, {second leader and scholar of Academy, elimination of dialectic in favor astrological religion}:
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Heraclides Ponticus, c.390-310, {Academian, math., perhaps an early heliocentrist}:
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==========================
Aristotle of Stagira, 384-322:
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aristotle-categories,
being-qua-being
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